The Fourth Wave in Deterrence Research
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Authors
Knopf, Jeffrey W.
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Advisors
Date of Issue
2010
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Abstract
A new line of work on deterrence began emerging after the end of the Cold War and
gained momentum after the September 11 terrorist attacks. Building on a previous
characterization by Robert Jervis that identified three waves of deterrence research,1
this work is here designated the fourth wave. The fourth wave reflects a change from a
focus on relatively symmetrical situations of mutual deterrence to a greater concern
with what have come to be called asymmetric threats. The most important result has
been to reveal the value of adopting a broader concept of deterrence that is not exclusively
military in nature.
Type
Article
Description
The article of record as published may be located at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13523261003640819
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National Security Affairs
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This publication is a work of the U.S. Government as defined in Title 17, United States Code, Section 101. Copyright protection is not available for this work in the United States.