Commercial overseas transportation of containerized ammunition

Abstract

The TURBO CADS exercises, which started in 1994, began DoD's efforts to develop an overseas commercial containerized ammunition distribution system (CADS). From 1994 through 1997, these exercises developed the military's CADS but were only partially successful in using commercial ocean carriers for overseas shipment of containerized ammunition. This thesis examines how DoD has attempted to use the commercial transportation system to move containerized ammunition overseas. It identifies problems encountered during the TURBO CADS exercises, examines commercial business practices and regulations that cause difficulties, and makes recommendations for peacetime overseas movement of containerized ammunition