Implications of Co-Active Design on Manned-Unmanned Teaming in Naval UxS/AI Operations
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Authors
Boger, Dan
Miller, Scot
Akbarat, Yusef
Clarke, Alan
Knudsen, Dan
Trevino, Lorenso
Harvey, Steve
Subjects
manned unmanned teaming
interdependence analysis
observability
predictability
directability
interdependence analysis
observability
predictability
directability
Advisors
Date of Issue
2018-04
Date
Presented April 10-12, 2018
Period of Performance: 10/01/2017-10/15/2018
Period of Performance: 10/01/2017-10/15/2018
Publisher
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School
Language
en_US
Abstract
Project Summary: Unmanned systems offer the Department of Defense (DoD) the chance for non-humans entities to take on the dull, dirty, and dangerous tasks often assigned to DoD. Current approaches to leveraging these emerging capabilities tend to drive towards unmanned system that are “autonomous”. However, the term autonomy is misunderstood and poorly defined. We propose the word automated for those particular tasks that the unmanned vehicle can perform itself with reliability. Research of various articles on DoD unmanned operations suggest that many within DoD believe that fully automated unmanned systems, those that are “fully autonomous”, are the Holy Grail of robot performance. We propose that there is a higher level of human robot interaction, called interdependence, whereby humans and machines work collaboratively on a set of measurable goals, adjusting their efforts as the situation and environment change. Further, we believe that artificial intelligence (AI) efforts also have similar manned-unmanned teaming challenges and opportunities. For instance, some AI-based applications monitor human endeavors, and based on their algorithms and learning techniques, are designed to “collaborate” with the humans to achieve common goals. This is identical to the interdependence mentioned above, even though in the case of these AI applications the “robot” does not move. Interdependence is achieved simply be executing three dynamic and continuous tasks between human and machine: observing, predicting, and directing (OPD). While simple in concept, considering these three interactions for every elemental task that exists in a collaborative operating environment is surprisingly complex. Co-Active Design was formulated to assist with this analytical process. The rest of the paper describes the existing challenges, the Co-Active Design process, and several examples explored by the researchers on how Co-Active Design yields potential military benefits. We explain several of the challenges involved, and finish with the implications of Co-Active Design in support of various manned-unmanned teaming possibilities.
Type
Report
Description
NPS NRP Executive Summary
Series/Report No
Department
Information Sciences (IS)
Organization
Naval Research Program
Identifiers
NPS Report Number
NPS-18-N081-A
Sponsors
Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Research, Development and Acquisition)
SECNAV Naval Innovation Advisory Council (NIAC)
SECNAV Naval Innovation Advisory Council (NIAC)
Funder
NPS-18-N081-A
Format
11 p.
Citation
Distribution Statement
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Rights
This publication is a work of the U.S. Government as defined in Title 17, United States Code, Section 101. Copyright protection is not available for this work in the United States.