Force Protection for Fire Fighters : Warm Zone Operations at Paramilitary Style Active Shooter Incidents in a Multi-Hazard Environment as a Fire Service Core Competency
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Authors
Atwater, Paul A.
Subjects
Active Shooter
Collaboration
Columbine High School Shootings
Fire As a Weapon
Fire Service
Force Protection
Lessons Learned
Multi-Hazard Environment
Mumbai-Style
Paramilitary Style Attack
Seattle Fire Department
Standby Policy
Terrorism Preparedness
Warm Zone.
Collaboration
Columbine High School Shootings
Fire As a Weapon
Fire Service
Force Protection
Lessons Learned
Multi-Hazard Environment
Mumbai-Style
Paramilitary Style Attack
Seattle Fire Department
Standby Policy
Terrorism Preparedness
Warm Zone.
Advisors
Rollins, John
Date of Issue
2012-03
Date
Mar-12
Publisher
Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School
Language
Abstract
Paramilitary-style active shooter attacks in a multi-hazard environment are an emerging threat against the U.S. homeland. Lessons learned from previous paramilitary style attacks demonstrate the breaking points of the fire service policy of standing by until law enforcement declares that the scene is secure. When followed, the standby policy prevents fire fighters from taking calculated risks to accomplish the fire service mission of saving lives and protecting property. It is likely that the standby policy will be ignored when immediate action is required to save lives or mitigate hazards in areas of the incident in which the potential for violence, but no active threat exists. The optimal fire service response policy to save lives and mitigate hazards during paramilitary style attacks in a multi-hazard environment is a force protection model in which law enforcement officers accompany and protect fire fighters in the warm zone. This model is an adaptation of the successful escort model used by law enforcement and fire fighters during civil unrest incidents. As has occurred many times in the past, the fire service must incorporate a new core mission competencywarm zone operations at paramilitary style attacks.
Type
Thesis
Description
Series/Report No
Department
Security Studies
Organization
Identifiers
NPS Report Number
Sponsors
Funder
Format
Citation
Distribution Statement
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Rights
Copyright is reserved by the copyright owner.