RESPONSE TO MARITIME THREATS IN THE SOUTH ATLANTIC: THE CASE FOR BRAZIL AND NIGERIA
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Authors
Lugo-Viera, Nestor I.
Subjects
South Atlantic region
Brazilian Navy
Nigerian Navy
Zone of Peace and Cooperation of the South Atlantic
ZOPACAS
Blue Amazon
West Africa
South America
Gulf of Guinea
civil-military relations
maritime threats
maritime security
military operational effectiveness
bilateral cooperation
narcotrafficking
piracy
illegal
unregulated
unreported fishing
IUU
SOUTHCOM
AFRICOM
naval modernization
Brazilian Navy
Nigerian Navy
Zone of Peace and Cooperation of the South Atlantic
ZOPACAS
Blue Amazon
West Africa
South America
Gulf of Guinea
civil-military relations
maritime threats
maritime security
military operational effectiveness
bilateral cooperation
narcotrafficking
piracy
illegal
unregulated
unreported fishing
IUU
SOUTHCOM
AFRICOM
naval modernization
Advisors
Darnton, Christopher N.
Date of Issue
2025-03
Date
Publisher
Monterey, CA; Naval Postgraduate School
Language
Abstract
This thesis evaluates the maritime security strategies of Brazil and Nigeria in the South Atlantic and Gulf of Guinea (GOG), focusing on the roles of their navies, civil–military relations, and international collaboration. Using the control effectiveness framework, this study examines how these nations address transnational maritime threats, such as piracy, narcotrafficking, and illegal fishing. Brazil's proactive strategy, anchored in the Blue Amazon initiative and naval modernization efforts, contrasts with Nigeria's reactive approach, shaped by resource constraints and competing land-based priorities. The analysis highlights how civil–military relations influence naval effectiveness, with Brazil benefiting from structured oversight despite political tensions, while Nigeria struggles with corruption and inconsistent governance. The findings underscore the critical role of resource allocation, regional cooperation, and U.S. engagement in enhancing maritime security. This study offers insights for policymakers and stakeholders to strengthen bilateral and multilateral security efforts in these strategically significant regions.
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Thesis
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Distribution Statement
Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release: Distribution is unlimited.
Rights
This publication is a work of the U.S. Government as defined in Title 17, United States Code, Section 101. Copyright protection is not available for this work in the United States.