Ice Scallops: A Laboratory Investigation of the Ice-Water Interface
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Authors
Bushuk, Mtchell
Hollland, David M.
Stanton, Timothy P.
Gray, Callum
Subjects
Advisors
Date of Issue
2019-08
Date
2019-08
Publisher
Cambridge University Press
Language
en_US
Abstract
Ice scallops are a small-scale (5–20cm) quasi-periodic ripple pattern that occurs at the ice-water interface. Previous work has suggested that scallops form due to a self-reinforcing interaction between an evolving ice-surface geometry, an adjacent turbulent flow field, and the resulting differential melt rates that occur along the interface. In this study, we perform a series of laboratory experiments in a refrigerated flume to quantitatively investigate the mechanisms of scallop formation and evolution in high resolution. Using particle-image velocimetry, we probe an evolving ice-water boundary layer at sub-millimeter scales and 15Hz frequency. Our data reveals three distinct regimes of ice-water interface evolution: A transition from flat to scalloped ice; an equilibrium scallop geometry; and an adjusting scallop interface. We find that scalloped ice geometry produces a clear modification to the ice-water boundary layer, characterized by a time- mean recirculating eddy feature that forms in the scallop trough. Our primary finding is that scallops form due to a self reinforcing feedback between the ice-interface geometry and shear production of turbulent kinetic energy in the flow interior. The length of this shear production zone is therefore hypothesized to set the scallop wavelength.
Type
Article
Description
The article of record as published may be found at https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.398
Series/Report No
Department
Oceanography (OC)
Organization
Naval Postgraduate School
Identifiers
NPS Report Number
Sponsors
Funder
Format
44 p.
Citation
Bushuk, Mitchell, et al. "Ice scallops: a laboratory investigation of the ice–water interface." Journal of fluid mechanics 873 (2019): 942-976.
Distribution Statement
Rights
This publication is a work of the U.S. Government as defined in Title 17, United States Code, Section 101. Copyright protection is not available for this work in the United States.