Understanding Female Suicide Terrorism in Sri Lanka through a Constructivist Lens

Abstract

Suicide terrorism has been an increasing phenomenon with global implications since the 1980s. There have been over 1,944 suicide attacks globally, most emanating from Islamic fundamentalist organizations. However, many organizations have taken their cues from the strategy and tactics of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) who have implemented a consistent suicide terror campaign since the start of their nationalist independence movement in 1987. Sri Lanka has experienced a unique culture of martyrdom distinct from those created by Islamic fundamentalists, primarily in their extraordinary use of female suicide bombers. Since 1987, there have been at least 109 LTTE suicide attacks, 23 of which were conducted by women, and many of the latter targeting political and military leaders.