Improving the Fidelity of Modeling IFC and ROE Use by Security Forces in a Crowd Control Context
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Authors
Aros, Susan
Subjects
IFC
intermediate force capability
JIFCO
Joint Intermediate Force Capabilities Office
ROE
rules of engagement
WRENCH
Workbench for refining Rules of Engagement against Crowd Hostiles
agent-based modeling
non-lethal weapons
crowd management
gray zone
intermediate force capability
JIFCO
Joint Intermediate Force Capabilities Office
ROE
rules of engagement
WRENCH
Workbench for refining Rules of Engagement against Crowd Hostiles
agent-based modeling
non-lethal weapons
crowd management
gray zone
Advisors
Date of Issue
2023-10-21
Date
Publisher
Monterey, CA; Naval Postgraduate School
Language
Abstract
We assessed the guidance for the use of intermediate force capabilities (IFCs) in current rules of engagement (ROEs) as well as the experience of military members with IFCs in crowd control situations through an extensive literature review and interviews. Our goal was to identify information necessary to further the agent-based model WRENCH (Workbench for refining Rules of Engagement against Crowd Hostiles) by adding when and how diverse IFCs are used. Our project also looked at the training in the military for IFC use and the current integration of these weapons in deployment. We found that rules for IFC use are not typically included in the standing ROEs for a combat zone and military members general felt that they didn’t have guidance for when and how to use IFCs. Overall, few military members reported receiving training, with the exception of National Guard members, and those who did often didn’t have IFCs readily available on future deployments once trained. We also found a general perception that some military members did not see a clear benefit of IFCs, and others reported that available IFCs often seemed absent or dysfunctional in those instances where they would have been helpful. Our recommendations are to promote training at the commander level and above, along with discussion of how IFCs can best be incorporated into ROEs and escalation of force (EOF) guidance. Such a change would ensure that force members in roles that could benefit from IFC use would receive training on those particular IFCs that would be most beneficial in their roles. Further, it would incorporate input from those most often using the IFCs in the development process.
Type
Report
Description
NPS NRP Executive Summary
Series/Report No
Department
Organization
Identifiers
NPS Report Number
Sponsors
HQMC Plans, Policies & Operations (PP&O)
Funder
This research is supported by funding from the Naval Postgraduate School, Naval Research Program (PE0605853N/2098). https://nps.edu/nrp
Chief of Naval Operations (CNO)
Chief of Naval Operations (CNO)
Format
5 p.
Citation
Distribution Statement
Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited.