Risk of Hearing Loss Injury Caused by Multiple Flash Bangs on a Crowd
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Authors
Wang, Hongyun
Burgei, Wesley A.
Zhou, Hong
Subjects
Risk of Significant Hearing Loss
Mathematical Framework for Assessing Injury Risk
Effective Injury Area
Decay of Acoustic Impulse along Ground Surface
Dose-Response Relation
Fluctuations in Actual Injury Numbers
Mathematical Framework for Assessing Injury Risk
Effective Injury Area
Decay of Acoustic Impulse along Ground Surface
Dose-Response Relation
Fluctuations in Actual Injury Numbers
Advisors
Date of Issue
2018
Date
Publisher
Scientific Research Publishing
Language
Abstract
A flash bang is a non-lethal explosive device that delivers intensely loud bangs
and bright lights to suppress potentially dangerous targets. It is usually used in
crowd control, hostage rescue and numerous other missions. We construct a
model for assessing quantitatively the risk of hearing loss injury caused by
multiple flash bangs. The model provides a computational framework for incorporating the effects of the key factors defining the situation and for testing
various sub-models for these factors. The proposed model includes 1) uncertainty in the burst point of flash bang mortar, 2) randomness in the dispersion
of multiple submunitions after the flash bang mortar burst, 3) decay of acoustic impulse from a single submunition to an individual subject along the
ground surface, 4) the effective combined sound exposure level on an individual subject caused by multiple submunitions at various distances from the
subject, and 5) randomness in the spatial distribution of subjects in the crowd.
With the mathematical model formulated, we seek to characterize the overall
effect of flash bang mortar in the form of an effective injury area. We carry
out simulations to study the effects of uncertainty and randomness on the risk
of hearing loss injury of the crowd. The proposed framework serves as a
starting point for a comprehensive assessment of hearing loss injury risk, taking into consideration all realistic and relevant features of flash bang mortar.
It also provides a platform for testing and updating component models.
Type
Article
Description
The article of record as published may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajor.2018.84014
Series/Report No
Department
Applied Mathematics
Organization
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Identifiers
NPS Report Number
Sponsors
Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Directorate of US Department of Defense
Funder
Format
27 p.
Citation
Wang, H., Burgei,
W.A. and Zhou, H. (2018) Risk of Hearing
Loss Injury Caused by Multiple Flash Bangs
on a Crowd. American Journal of Operations Research, 8, 239-265.
Distribution Statement
Rights
This publication is a work of the U.S. Government as defined in Title 17, United States Code, Section 101. Copyright protection is not available for this work in the United States.