NATO and Intermediate Force Capabilities: Why Human Effects Matter

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Authors
Foley, Shannon
Jackson, Caitlin
Aros, Susan
Baylouny, Anne Marie
Subjects
intermediate force capabilities
non-lethal weapons
simulation
agent-based
simulation
modeling
security forces
gray zone
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Date of Issue
2022
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Partnership for Peace Consortium of Defense Academies and Security Studies Institutes
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Abstract
On February 24, 2022, when Russia invaded Ukraine, the international order changed as sharply and abruptly as it did on the morning of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks when the North American Treaty Organization (NATO) invoked Article V for the first time in NATO’s history. As a result of Russia’s invasion, NATO’s demand for deterrence capabilities—with the hope that Article V is never again necessary to exercise—is more urgent now than at any time in the 21st century. Because lethality is absolutely necessary but not sufficient, NATO must develop and maintain capabilities that complement lethal force with intermediate force options to complete the deterrence equation across the entire competition continuum. Intermediate Force Capabilities (IFCs) can deliver immediate value to NATO countries, providing leaders and policymakers with Non-Lethal Weapons (NLW) options that can deter enemy actions, as necessary, below the level of lethal combat operations. IFCs, a term introduced into the U.S. Department of Defense in 2020 to define capabilities that bridge the gap between presence and lethal effects, encompass NLWs as well as other additional capabilities and technologies that have utility below the level of armed conflict.
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Article
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https://hdl.handle.net/10945/74609
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12 p.
Citation
S. Foley, C. Jackson, S. Aros & A. Baylouny, "NATO and Intermediate Force Capabilities: Why Human Effects Matter." Connections Quarterly Journal 21, no. 2 (2022): 123-134, https://doi.org/10.11610/Connections.21.2.09
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Copyright is reserved by the copyright owner under Creative Commons BY-NC-SA 4.0
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