Water balance of extratropical cyclones
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Authors
Danard, Maurice B.
Subjects
Advisors
Date of Issue
1967-10-05
Date
Publisher
Language
Abstract
THE WATER BUDGET EQUATION FOR A VOLUME ENCLOSING AN AREA OF PRECIPITATION MAY BE WR ITTEN
_j (W + L) + R (} T (t )
WHERE w AND L REFER TO THE WATER VAPOR AND LIQUID WATER CONTENTS, R AND E ARE THE RATES OF PRECIPITATION AND EVAPORATION FROM THE UNDERLYING SURFACE, Fw AND FL ARE THE NET HORIZONTAL INFLUXES OF WATER VAPOR AND LIQUID WATER, AND Fp IS THE NET INFLUX OF WATER SUBSTANCE THROUGH THE TOP.
NOW IF (t ) IS AVERAGED OVER THE ENTIRE ATMOSPHERE AND OVER A LONG PERIOD OF TIME, WE HAVE APPROXIMATELY R = E
WHERE THE BAR DENOTES MEAN CONDITIONS. THAT IS, ON THE AVERAGE, PRECIPITATION
AND EVAPORATION ARE EQUAL (1 .E .1 NO NET TRANSPORT AT THE EARTH•S SURFACE) • HOWEVER , EVAPORATION IS OCCURRING MORE OR LESS CONTINUOUSLY OVER A LARGE
PORTION OF THE EARTH'S SURFACE WHEREAS PRECIPITATION IS FALLING ON ONLY A SMALL FRACTION (PERHAPS TWO PER CENT) OF THE TOTAL AREA AT A GIVEN TIME . IF ATTENTION IS RESTRICTED ONLY TO SHORT TIME PERIODS IN AREAS OF PRECIPITATION, E SHOULD BE A SMALL TERM COMPARED TO R • THIS IS SUPPORTED BY CALCULATIONS
OF E BY PETTERSSEN, ET AL (196Z) OVER THE NORTH ATLANTI C IN DEVELOPING CYCLONES. MAXIMUM VALUES OF E WERE ONLY ABOUT 0 .75 MM HR-1 WHI CH IS SMALLER THAN
TYPICAL VALUES OF R . OVER LAND, EVAPORATION RATES WOULD, OF COURSE, BE EVEN LESS THAN OVER THE SEA .
Type
Conference Paper
Description
REVIEW PAPER PRESENTED OCTOBER 5, 1967 AT THE XIVTH IUGG GENERAL ASSEMBLY LUCERNE, SWITZERLAND
The article of record as published may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00046973.1968.9676558
The article of record as published may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00046973.1968.9676558
Series/Report No
Department
Meteorology
Organization
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Identifiers
NPS Report Number
Sponsors
Funding
Format
6 p.
Citation
Atmosphere, Vol. 6, 1968
Water balance of extratropical cyclones Maurice B. Danard Atmosphere Vol. 6, Iss. 4, 1968
Water balance of extratropical cyclones Maurice B. Danard Atmosphere Vol. 6, Iss. 4, 1968