LORA COMMUNICATIONS FOR SPECIAL OPERATIONS IN A CONTESTED ENVIRONMENT

Abstract

Facing increasing technological proficiency by peer competitors, US Special Operations Forces (SOF) require secure low probability of detection (LPD) communication methods to enable operations in an adversary-controlled area. Legacy military systems designed during the Global War on Terror do not hide an operator’s electromagnetic (EM) presence well enough to support denied area operations. This research investigates the application of LoRa (Long Range) radios, known for their LPD properties, to support SOF communication in a contested EM environment. Employing a mixed-methods approach including controlled lab tests, field tests in a military training area, and EM spectrum analysis, this research quantified the comparative detectability of LoRa transmissions using directional vs omnidirectional antennas and determined the effect of terrain obstruction on LoRa transmissions. Testing results show that employing directionality to a LoRa radio’s transmissions reduce an operator's EM signature below the noise floor, making their signal virtually undetectable, and that terrain masking of the LoRa signal is predictable enough to use as a force protection technique. This research suggests that LoRa radios could be a viable option for dismounted forces needing to communicate in a low-visibility manner and warrants consideration for further testing in real world conditions by Special Operations planners and leaders.