Study of Graphite Oxide and Graphene as Enhancers for NATO F-76 and Biofuel
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Authors
Luhrs, Claudia C
Seivwright, Douglas
Carroll, Benjamin
Zea, Hugo R.
Subjects
Advisors
Date of Issue
2015
Date
Period of Performance: FY15
Publisher
Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School
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Abstract
The aim of this project was to test the performance of Graphite Oxide (GO) and Graphene (G) as fuel additives. Both compounds are variations of the honeycomb structure found in graphite but possess higher surface areas and different amount of oxygen functional groups. The use of Graphite Oxide was considered due to its ability to release the oxygen species at moderate temperatures, while Graphene could be readily dispersed and completely burned off during the combustion process. Graphite oxide was fabricated by chemical routes and graphene by thermal exfoliation. X-ray powder diffraction was used to characterize the crystal structure of the initial powders and the particulate sizes were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The additives were mixed with NATO F-76 diesel fuel in 0.1 to 3 % wt ratios and with 0.01 % wt of biofuel. The mixtures were then analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry to determine heat flows and mass changes as the samples were heated, then compared with bare F-76 or bare biofuel. The evolved gases from all the processes were identified by mass spectroscopy. The fuel-additive mixtures were tested in a diesel engine to determine ignition delays and the cetane numbers for each composition are reported.
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Report
Description
Claudia C Luhrs, Douglas Seivwright, Benjamin Carroll and Hugo R. Zea, GSEAS
Department
Organization
Naval Research Program
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NPS Report Number
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Naval Research Program
Prepared for: OPNAV 403, CDR Karen Dallas
Prepared for: OPNAV 403, CDR Karen Dallas
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This publication is a work of the U.S. Government as defined in Title 17, United States Code, Section 101. Copyright protection is not available for this work in the United States.