YIELD TO PEDESTRIANS? EXAMINING INFRASTRUCTURE AND DEFENSIVE-MINDED METHODOLOGIES IN SECURING PEDESTRIAN-RICH ENVIRONMENTS
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Authors
Cawley, Liam P.
Subjects
outdoor dining
vehicle ramming
vehicle ramming attack
VRA
soft target
outdoor spaces
green spaces
target hardening
protective security
target hardening/protective security spectrum
THPSS
vehicle ramming
vehicle ramming attack
VRA
soft target
outdoor spaces
green spaces
target hardening
protective security
target hardening/protective security spectrum
THPSS
Advisors
Miller, Patrick E.
Halladay, Carolyn C.
Date of Issue
2023-03
Date
Publisher
Monterey, CA; Naval Postgraduate School
Language
Abstract
Urban municipalities feature pedestrian-rich environments with limited mitigation measures to prevent vehicle-caused pedestrian fatalities. Limited pedestrian protections represent an attractive target for nefarious actors to commit vehicle ramming attacks (VRA). There are defensive-minded methodologies that afford greater mitigation against deadly vehicle-versus-pedestrian collisions and VRAs in urban pedestrian-rich environments. This thesis examines the vulnerability of pedestrian-rich environments to vehicle-caused pedestrian fatalities and provide recommendations for stakeholders to better secure the environments. It also examines both the target hardening and protective security methodologies using a theoretical analysis model. By analyzing these defensive-minded methodologies, this thesis explores a homogenous framework for securing urban pedestrian-rich environments: the target hardening/protective security spectrum (THPSS). This thesis concludes with recommendations for urban municipalities to implement to better protect their respective pedestrian-rich environments from deadly vehicle-versus-pedestrian collisions and VRAs. This thesis provides recommendations to better secure outdoor dining establishments, street fairs, road races, and urban public parks from vehicle-caused fatalities.
Type
Thesis
Description
Series/Report No
Department
National Security Affairs (CHDS)
Organization
Identifiers
NPS Report Number
Sponsors
Funder
Format
Citation
Distribution Statement
Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited.
Rights
Copyright is reserved by the copyright owner.