Analysis of the civil-military relationship to improve efficacy and coordination of Humanitarian Aid and Disaster Relief efforts

Abstract

This project analyzes the civil–military relationship in Humanitarian Aid and Disaster Relief (HADR) operations that have followed natural disasters, such as the 2005 earthquake in Pakistan, Hurricane Katrina in the United States, and the 2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean, particularly in Indonesia. In the humanitarian relief process, the relationship between civil and military institutions is a key component of successful HADR efforts. The objective of this project is two-fold: it identifies critical inter-relational issues, and it recommends a viable and executable framework to ensure the efficient use of resources/efforts to promote a high state of readiness and performance in joint operations. We analyze three major HADR organizations located in the United States, Pakistan, and Indonesia, and focus on specific HADR operations based on the magnitude of the disaster. Our analysis draws on primary research from the interviews we conducted with professionals (i.e., the heads and directors of these organizations) taking part in HADR operations. We then recommend a coordination framework, based on building strategic alliances among key players; the sharing of resources and information; and joint planning, training, and exercises to reduce cultural gaps and strengthen relations among members. We conclude that the organizational framework, communication and coordination, training, and inter-organizational culture are critical elements for efficient HADR operations. The proposed framework will not only bring synergy to the whole operation, but will also facilitate in planning and economization of resources.