Thermal Effect of a Revolving Gaussian Beam on Activating Heat-Sensitive Nociceptors in Skin
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Authors
Wang, Hongyun
Burgei, Wesley A.
Zhou, Hong
Subjects
Heat-Sensitive Nociceptor
Heat-Induced Withdrawal Reflex
Revolving Gaussian Beam
Optimizing Energy Consumption
Non-Dimensional Analysis
Heat-Induced Withdrawal Reflex
Revolving Gaussian Beam
Optimizing Energy Consumption
Non-Dimensional Analysis
Advisors
Date of Issue
2021-01-20
Date
January 20, 2021
Publisher
Scientific Research Publishing
Language
Abstract
We consider the problem of inducing withdrawal reflex on a test subject by
exposing the subject’s skin to an electromagnetic beam. Heat-sensitive noci ceptors in the skin are activated wherever the temperature is above the activa tion temperature. Withdrawal reflex occurs when the activated volume reaches
a threshold. Previously we studied static beams with 3 types of power density
distribution: Gaussian, super-Gaussian, and flat-top. We found that the flap top is the best and the Gaussian is the worst in their performance with regard
to 1) minimizing the time to withdrawal reflex, 2) minimizing the energy con sumption and 3) minimizing the maximum temperature increase. The less than-desirable performance of Gaussian beams is attributed to the uneven
distribution of power density resulting in low energy efficiency: near the beam
center the high power density does not contribute proportionally to increas ing the activated volume; outside the beam effective radius the low power
density fails to activate nociceptors. To overcome the drawbacks of Gaussian
beams, in this study, we revolve a Gaussian beam around a fixed point to make
the power density more uniformly distributed. We optimize the performance
over two parameters: the spot size of static beam and the radius of beam rev olution. We find that in comparison with a static Gaussian beam, a revolving
Gaussian beam can reduce the energy consumption, and at the same time lower
the maximum temperature.
Type
Article
Description
17 USC 105 interim-entered record; under review.
The article of record as published may be found at https://doi.org/10.4236/jamp.2021.91007
The article of record as published may be found at https://doi.org/10.4236/jamp.2021.91007
Series/Report No
Department
Applied Mathematics
Organization
Naval Postgraduate School
Identifiers
NPS Report Number
Sponsors
Joint Intermediate Force Capabilities Office of US Department of Defense
Naval Postgraduate School
Naval Postgraduate School
Funding
Format
13 p.
Citation
Wang, Hongyun, Wesley A. Burgei, and Hong Zhou. "Thermal Effect of a Revolving Gaussian Beam on Activating Heat-Sensitive Nociceptors in Skin." Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 9.1 (2020): 88-100.
Distribution Statement
Rights
This publication is a work of the U.S. Government as defined in Title 17, United States Code, Section 101. Copyright protection is not available for this work in the United States.