Error analysis of hydrographic positioning and the application of least squares.
Abstract
Repeatable accuracy of hydrographic positioning was
examined in terms of the two-dimensional normal distribution
function which results in an elliptical error figure. The
error ellipse was discussed, and two methods for conversion
of elliptical errors to circular errors were given. These
methods are "circle of equivalent probability" and "root
mean square error" (d ) . Using the d error concept,
repeatable accuracy of ranging, azimuthal, and hyperbolic
systems was evaluated, and methods were developed to draw
repeatability contours for those systems.
A brief theoretical background was provided to explain
the method of least squares and discuss its application to
hydrographic survey positioning. For ranging, hyperbolic,
azimuthal, sextant angle, and Global Positioning System the
least squares observation equations were developed. Specific
examples were constructed to demonstrate the capabilities
of this data adjustment technique when applied to redundant
position observations.
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