Noise generation in the solid Earth, oceans, and atmosphere, from non-linear interacting surface gravity waves in finite depth
Abstract
Oceanic pressure measurements, even in very deep water, and atmospheric pressure or seismic records, from anywhere on Earth, contain noise with dominant periods between 3 and 10 seconds, that is believed to be excited by ocean surface gravity waves. Most of this noise is explained by a nonlinear wave-wave interaction mechanism, and takes the form of surface gravity waves, acoustic or seismic waves. Previous theoretical works on seismic noise focused on surface (Rayleigh) waves, and did not consider finite depth effects on the generating wave kinematics. These finite depth effects are introduced here, which requires the consideration of the direct wave-induced pressure at the ocean bottom, a contribution previously overlooked in the context of seismic noise. That contribution can lead to a considerable reduction of the seismic noise source, which is particularly relevant for noise periods larger than 10 s. The theory is applied to acoustic waves in the atmosphere, extending previous theories that were limited to vertical propagation only. Finally, the noise generation theory is also extended beyond the domain of Rayleigh waves, giving the first quantitative expression for sources of seismic body waves. In the limit of slow phase speeds in the ocean wave forcing, the known and well-verified gravity wave result is obtained, which was previously derived for an incompressible ocean. The noise source of acoustic, acoustic-gravity and seismic modes are given by a mode-specific amplification of the same wave-induced pressure field near the zero wavenumber.
Collections
Related items
Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.
-
Use of the Wavenumber Technique with the Lloyds Mirror for an Acoustic Doublet.
King, Portia Baird (Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1985-03);This thesis examines a method to determine the depth of a point source in an isospeed ocean environment. Using the Fourier Transform on the acoustic pressure field in the range domain results in the attainment of the ... -
Atmospheric resonances and their coupling to vibrations of the ground and waves in the ocean
Godin, Oleg A.; Zabotin, Nikolay; Zabotina, Liudmila (Springer, 2020);Observations of the ionosphere with the airglow, GPS-TEC, and HF radar techniques reveal a resonant response of the middle and upper atmosphere to broad-band excitation by earthquakes, volcano eruptions, and convective ... -
Ocean dynamic equations with the real gravity
Chu, Peter C. (natureportfolio, 2021);Two different treatments in ocean dynamics are found between the gravity and pressure gradientforce. Vertical component is 5–6 orders of magnitude larger than horizontal components for the pressure gradient force in ...