Assessment of Technology in Organizations: Closed versus Open Systems Approaches
Abstract
Technology is a multiphasic, multilevel input/output mechanism that is
interdependent with its environment. Past research suggests that inconsistent
assessments of technology may be attributed to examining different
phases of the same transformation process. Past research has
generally ignored input and output activities as well as critical energy
exchanges between the technology and the environment. Technology can
be assessed at several levels (individual job, subunit, and organization),
which are interdependent, yet may reflect qualitatively different activities.
A framework for assessing technology is derived from these multiple
levels. This framework can be used to aid integration of research, to
encourage more thorough assessment of technology, and to investigate
the relations between the environment and technology.
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