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        Morphology of diesel soot residuals from supercooled water droplets and ice crystals: implications for optical properties

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        Author
        China, Swarup
        Kulkarni, Gourihar
        Scarnato, Barbara V.
        Sharma, Noopur
        Pekour, Mikhail
        Shilling, John E.
        Wilson, Jacqueline
        Zelenyuk, Alla
        Chand, Duli
        Liu, Shang
        Aiken, Allison C.
        Dubey, Manvendra
        Laskin, Alexander
        Zaveri, Rahul A.
        Mazzoleni, Claudio
        Date
        2015-11-04
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        Abstract
        Freshly emitted soot particles are fractal-like aggregates, but atmospheric processes often transform their morphology. Morphology of soot particles plays an important role in determining their optical properties, life cycle and hence their effect on Earth’s radiative balance. However, little is known about the morphology of soot particles that participated in cold cloud processes. Here we report results from laboratory experiments that simulate cold cloud processing of diesel soot particles by allowing them to form supercooled droplets and ice crystals at −20 and −40 °C, respectively. Electron microscopy revealed that soot residuals from ice crystals were more compact (roundness ∼0.55) than those from supercooled droplets (roundness ∼0.45), while nascent soot particles were the least compact (roundness ∼0.41). Optical simulations using the discrete dipole approximation showed that the more compact structure enhances soot single scattering albedo by a factor up to 1.4, thereby reducing the top-of-the-atmosphere direct radiative forcing by ∼63%. These results underscore that climate models should consider the morphological evolution of soot particles due to cold cloud processing to improve the estimate of direct radiative forcing of soot.
        Description
        The article of record as published may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/11/114010
        URI
        http://hdl.handle.net/10945/49279
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