An analysis of viable financial negotiations processes and related internal controls for procurement in Pakistan

Abstract

In Pakistan, the process of public procurement procedure standardization started in 2002 with the establishment of the Pakistan Public Procurement Regulatory Authority (PPRA), based on the 1994 United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law. PPRA rules allow four types of procurement procedures but limit the ability to conduct financial negotiations. PPRA rules are aimed at implementing a unified procurement regime for federal and provincial organizations to ensure a transparent procurement system in Pakistan. The United States (U.S.) procurement model and the United Kingdom (UK) procurement model categorize negotiated procurement procedures under competitive procurement processes. The UNCITRAL Model Law also recommended financial negotiations in 2011. The purpose of this research study is to analyze the financial negotiations process for public procurement in the U.S., the UK, and the UN along with the associated internal controls in order to develop a guide for Pakistan defense contracting. This research study focuses on the analysis of the negotiation processes of contemporary procurement models and the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations internal control policy guidelines to guide the financial negotiations process for defense procurement in Pakistan. This research study recommends a financial negotiations process and related internal control procedures for the Pakistan PPRA.