Labor market integration of immigrants in France, Germany and the United Kingdom

Abstract

This study compares labor market integration policies for immigrants in three countries--France, Germany, and the United Kingdom. The dependent variable is labor market integration. The independent variables are language acquisition, category of immigrants, levels integration policy and institutional racism. These four factors should indicate levels of labor market integration of immigrants within a state. Also, they all share one feature in that they emphasize language proficiency in their approaches. How they differ is marginal due to the results. Despite the emphasis on language acquisition and proficiency, each country still has a poor record of labor market integration of immigrants. By not adopting pro-immigrant integration policy, Europeans will repeat the same mistakes as other countries did in the past, such as the United States, who encountered immigration at a much earlier date and still to this date, struggle to integrate. By adopting social policies that enhance labor market integration, each country can alleviate potential cultural clashes and serve as the ultimate example of liberty and credibility. The key is to show immigrants that there is no limit to their advance and upwards mobility and integration is possible.