The National Security Implications of the Changing Global Energy Picture [video]

Abstract

Energy security remains an ongoing concern for U.S. policy makers, diplomats, and military even as the United States reaps the benefits of dramatic increases in its oil and gas production. Threats to oil flowing through the Strait of Hormuz, Bab al-Mandab, and Strait of Malacca remain U.S. foreign policy concerns as shown by recent developments in the Persian Gulf. Russia sees natural gas as a tool to reward, punish, or otherwise influence governments. Elements of China’s Belt and Road Initiative are specifically designed to ensure the security of China’s oil and gas supplies. Energy security, furthermore, includes more than just affordable oil and natural gas. Hostile actors can cut off electricity supplies, and the rising intersection of energy, computers and information technologies creates new and under-appreciated national vulnerabilities. The U.S. military, as the world’s largest consumer of energy, and an actor called upon to keep open shipping lanes and otherwise act to protect national interests, has a direct interest in the global energy sector. Looking at recent developments, particularly the example of the Caucasus and Central Asia where Russia, Iran, and China each act in ways affecting global energy security, provides useful insights and approaches for handling U.S. national security interests while also driving home the point the United States does not enjoy complete energy security unless other countries do as well.