Analysis of Pathways to Reach Net-Zero Naval Operations by 2050

Abstract

This project is a broad study of strategies for Naval forces to achieve net-zero global emissions by 2050 to comply with Executive Order 14008 and to enhance mission readiness. The Navy uses fuel for jets, vehicles, ships, equipment, and for generating electricity for forces in the field. In 2019, DoD consumed 682 trillion BTUs, which represents up to 77% of federal government energy use. DoD operational energy use represents approximately 70% of DOD energy use. Operational use demand depends on the type of fuel available in local markets, the tempo of operations, long logistical tails, and need for energy reserves. Given these factors and because operational energy users are less likely to have access to 100% carbon-free energy sources, multiple pathways to net-zero must be analyzed and understood. The Executive Order, 'Tackling the Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad' includes a U.S. goal of net-zero emissions by mid-century and makes this goal an essential element of U.S. national security. DoD and DoN must move from a focus on high-level goals to identifying achievable pathways that can lead to net-zero emissions. NPS will evaluate current DoN emissions to understand energy needs to support mission. The study will identify and evaluate current and proposed green energy sources as solution pathways for shifting DoN to net-zero by 2050. The project will conduct cost-benefit and risk analyses based on the pathways and leverage research and net-zero strategies developed by the public and private sectors. Based on findings of the study, the team will develop a roadmap for the DoN to implement strategies and pathways to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050. This study will include a multi-disciplinary team of NPS researchers and will offer educational and research opportunities for NPS students. Deliverables include a report, analyses of net-zero pathways, and briefs.